How to prepare dilute sulfuric acid: detailed steps and precautions

dilute sulfuric acid is a common chemical reagent, which is widely used in laboratory and industrial production. Knowing how to prepare dilute sulfuric acid is one of the basic skills in chemical work. In this article, we will explore in detail the steps and precautions for preparing dilute sulfuric acid to help you master this important process.

What is dilute sulfuric acid?

Dilute sulfuric acid refers to the solution obtained by diluting concentrated sulfuric acid with water in a certain proportion. The concentration of dilute sulfuric acid is usually between 5% and 20%, which has strong acidity and good solubility. It is widely used in chemical reactions, laboratory analysis and industrial manufacturing. Understanding the properties of dilute sulfuric acid helps us to better grasp the safety and operating regulations during the preparation process.

Preparation of materials and equipment

before preparing dilute sulfuric acid, relevant materials and equipment need to be prepared. The main materials include concentrated sulfuric acid and distilled water. The equipment required is acid-resistant measuring cylinder, glass rod, acid-resistant stirrer, measuring cup, protective gloves and goggles. Before proceeding, make sure that all materials and equipment have been cleaned and the space for placement is prepared for subsequent operations.

Preparation steps

1. Calculate the required ratio of concentrated sulfuric acid to water

when preparing dilute sulfuric acid, it is first necessary to calculate the volume of concentrated sulfuric acid and water required according to the target concentration. For example, if you need to prepare 100 ml of 10% dilute sulfuric acid, you can use the following formula to calculate:

[V{\text {concentrated sulfuric acid}} = \frac{C{\text {dilute sulfuric acid}} \times V{\text {dilute sulfuric acid }}}{ C{\text {concentrated sulfuric acid }}}]

where (C{\text {dilute sulfuric acid}}) is the concentration of dilute sulfuric acid (10%),(V{\text {dilute sulfuric acid}}) is the volume of dilute sulfuric acid (100 ml), and (C_{\text {concentrated sulfuric acid}}) is the concentration of concentrated sulfuric acid (usually 98%). Through calculation, we can get the volume of concentrated sulfuric acid and water needed.

2. Diluted concentrated sulfuric acid

dilution of concentrated sulfuric acid is a very important step. In this process, we must follow the principle of "acid into the water. The specific operation is:

• first measure the required volume of water in an acid-proof graduated cylinder.
• Then, slowly and carefully pour concentrated sulfuric acid into the water. Note that concentrated sulfuric acid releases a lot of heat when it is added to water, which may cause splashing. Therefore, it must be carried out in a well-ventilated environment and maintain a sufficient safety distance.

3. Stirring and cooling

during the addition of the concentrated sulfuric acid to the water, a glass rod was used to stir gently to ensure uniform mixing. During the dilution process, the solution will heat up, so the mixture can be placed in a cooling water bath to prevent excessive temperature from affecting the properties of the solution. Be careful when mixing to avoid splashing and causing safety hazards.

Precautions

1. safety protection: When preparing dilute sulfuric acid, you must wear goggles and acid-proof gloves to prevent concentrated sulfuric acid from causing damage to the skin and eyes.
2. Good ventilation choose a well-ventilated place for the experiment to avoid inhaling acid mist.
3. Follow Proportion: Be sure to dilute according to the calculated ratio to avoid incomplete reaction or unnecessary danger caused by too high or too low concentration.

Summary

through the above steps, we introduce in detail the process and precautions of how to prepare dilute sulfuric acid. The preparation of dilute sulfuric acid is a basic chemical skill, and it is very important to master the correct operation method and safety regulations. I hope this article can help you successfully prepare the required dilute sulfuric acid in actual operation. If you have any questions during the experiment, please feel free to consult a professional.