How to prepare 1m sulfuric acid with concentrated sulfuric acid

How to use concentrated sulfuric acid to prepare 1m sulfuric acid? Detailed steps and precautions

Sulfuric acid is a common and important chemical reagent in chemical laboratories and industrial production. Many times, experiments need to use different concentrations of sulfuric acid solution, and 1M sulfuric acid solution is one of the common concentrations. This article will introduce in detail how to prepare 1M sulfuric acid with concentrated sulfuric acid, and discuss the matters needing attention in it.

1. Understand the concentration difference between concentrated sulfuric acid and 1M sulfuric acid

The concentration of concentrated sulfuric acid is generally about 98%, which means that every 100g of concentrated sulfuric acid contains 98g of sulfuric acid. In contrast, 1M sulfuric acid means 1 mole (1mol) of sulfuric acid per liter of solution. Due to the high concentration of concentrated sulfuric acid, we need to dilute it when preparing 1M sulfuric acid with concentrated sulfuric acid.

2. Calculate the required sulfuric acid volume

When preparing 1M sulfuric acid from concentrated sulfuric acid, it is first necessary to calculate the required volume of concentrated sulfuric acid based on the concentration of concentrated sulfuric acid and the target concentration (1M). In general, we can use the dilution formula: [C1 V1 = C2 V2] Wherein, C1 is the concentration of concentrated sulfuric acid (about 18mol/L),V1 is the required volume of concentrated sulfuric acid, C2 is the concentration of target solution (1mol/L),V2 is the volume of target solution.

Assuming that we need to prepare 1L of 1M sulfuric acid solution, the volume of concentrated sulfuric acid required can be calculated by the following steps:

[ (18\text{ mol/L}) \times V_1 = (1\text{ mol/L}) \times 1\text{ L} ]

solve: [ V_1 = \frac{1\text{ mol/L} \times 1\text{ L }}{ 18\text{ mol/L}} \approx 0.0556\text{ L} \text{(I. e. 55.6 ml)} ]

therefore, you need to dissolve about 55.6 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid in water to make 1L of 1M sulfuric acid solution.

3. Dilute concentrated sulfuric acid when the operation steps

1. Preparation: Prepare the measuring cylinder, glass rod and appropriate amount of distilled water. In order to ensure the accuracy of dilution, use acid-resistant glass containers.

2. Amount of concentrated sulfuric acid: according to the calculation results, accurately measure the required volume of concentrated sulfuric acid (for example, 55.6 ml). Concentrated sulfuric acid is highly corrosive, so protective gloves, goggles and other safety equipment should be worn during operation.

3. Add water to dilute: slowly add concentrated sulfuric acid to the water in the container. Be careful not to add water to concentrated sulfuric acid to prevent violent reaction. Because water releases a lot of heat when mixed with concentrated sulfuric acid, it may cause splashing or explosion.

4. Stir well: Use a glass rod to stir gently to ensure that the concentrated sulfuric acid is completely mixed with the water. When you're done, you have the required 1M sulfuric acid solution.

4. Precautions and safety tips

1. Safe operation: Concentrated sulfuric acid is a strong corrosive substance and must be used carefully. Wear appropriate protective equipment, including lab coat, gloves and goggles at all times. Avoid sulfuric acid splashes on the skin or eyes.

2. Control the heat of reaction: Since concentrated sulfuric acid will release heat when mixed with water, special attention should be paid to slow addition during the dilution process to avoid splashing caused by violent reaction heat.

3. Use appropriate containers: Make sure to use acid-resistant containers for mixing. Commonly used include glass or plastic containers. Avoid aluminum containers because aluminum reacts with concentrated sulfuric acid to produce hydrogen.

4. Good ventilation: The laboratory should have good ventilation equipment to avoid the accumulation of concentrated sulfuric acid vapor and cause harmful air pollution.

5. Conclusion

How to prepare 1M sulfuric acid solution with concentrated sulfuric acid is not complicated, but it needs to be operated carefully to ensure safety. With proper calculation and the correct dilution method, you can accurately prepare a sulfuric acid solution of the required concentration. I hope this article provides a useful reference for you to understand how to prepare 1M sulfuric acid with concentrated sulfuric acid.