Acrylonitrile is what? A comprehensive analysis of acrylonitrile properties, uses and production methods

Acrylonitrile (Acrylonitrile), the chemical formula of CYZ, is an important organic chemical raw material, widely used in many industrial fields. It has a pivotal position in the chemical, petrochemical and synthetic materials industries. This article will analyze the basic properties, main uses and production methods of acrylonitrile in depth to help readers better understand the importance of this chemical substance.

Acrylonitrile Basic Properties

Acrylonitrile is a colorless, flammable liquid with a strong odor. Its molecule contains cyano (-CN) and propenyl (-CH = CH₂) two parts, which makes it highly reactive. Acrylonitrile can react with a variety of chemicals, such as reacting with hydrogen to form allylamine under the action of a catalyst, or forming polyacrylonitrile (PAN) through polymerization. Acrylonitrile has low solubility in water, but it is more soluble in organic solvents such as alcohols and ethers.

acrylonitrile physical properties

• Boiling point: 77.3 ° C
• Melting point:-83.4 ° C
• Density :0.805g/cm³(25°C)
• Molecular weight: 53.06g/mol

These physical properties make acrylonitrile require special attention during storage, transportation and handling, especially to avoid high temperatures and proximity to ignition sources.

Main Uses of Acrylonitrile

1. Polymer production

One of the most important uses of acrylonitrile is the production of polyacrylonitrile (PAN), an important synthetic fiber material. Polyacrylonitrile is widely used in the manufacture of high temperature resistant fibers, car seats, carpets, outdoor shade cloth, etc. Polyacrylonitrile can also be used as a precursor material for carbon fiber for the production of high-performance materials in the aerospace, automotive and other industries.

2. Chemical Intermediates

Acrylonitrile is also used as an intermediate in the production of a variety of chemicals. It plays a key role in the preparation of chemicals such as allylamine, sodium cyanide, acrylic acid and amino acids. For example, acrylonitrile reacts with ammonia and hydrogen to synthesize allylamine, which is further used in the manufacture of acrylic acid and is widely used in coatings, adhesives, textile auxiliaries and other products.

3. Solvents and pesticides

In the agricultural sector, acrylonitrile is used as a raw material for the production of certain pesticides and herbicides. Acrylonitrile is widely used as a solvent in the production of coatings, inks and synthetic rubber, with good solubility and chemical stability.

Acrylonitrile production method

1. Ammonia oxidation method

At present, the mainstream production method of acrylonitrile is ammoxidation method, which usually produces acrylonitrile by oxidation reaction of propylene and ammonia gas under the action of catalyst. The reaction process is as follows:

[C3H6 NH3 O2 \xrightarrow {catalyst} C3H3N 3H_2O]

this method has high economic and industrial feasibility, so it has become the main route of acrylonitrile production in the world.

2. Carbonylation method

In addition to the ammoxidation process, acrylonitrile can also be produced by a carbonylation process in which propylene is reacted with hydrogen cyanide to produce acrylonitrile. Although the application of this method is relatively limited, it still has certain advantages in some special cases, especially in the production of acrylonitrile requiring higher purity.

3. Propylene cyanidation method

Propylene cyanidation is another process for the production of acrylonitrile, mainly through the reaction of propylene and hydrogen cyanide under certain conditions to produce acrylonitrile. Although this method is rarely used, it can still be used for commercial production under certain conditions.

ACRYLONITRILE SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM

Although acrylonitrile has a wide range of applications, it also has certain safety and environmental protection problems. Acrylonitrile is a flammable, volatile chemical that can cause fire or poisoning if not handled properly. Therefore, during use and storage, safety regulations must be strictly followed.

The pollution of acrylonitrile to the environment also needs to be paid attention. The production process may produce a certain amount of waste gas and waste water, which contains acrylonitrile and its related by-products. Therefore, the construction and operation of environmental protection facilities, especially in acrylonitrile production plants, is very important.

Summary

As an important organic chemical raw material, acrylonitrile is widely used in textile, chemical, automotive and other industries. It not only dominates polymer production, but also plays a key role in synthetic chemicals. Understanding the basic properties, uses and production methods of acrylonitrile will help us to better understand the great potential and challenges of this chemical. With the increasing production and usage of acrylonitrile, how to ensure its safety and environmental protection is still an urgent problem to be solved.

Through the analysis of this article, I believe you have a more comprehensive understanding of "what is acrylonitrile. If you have more questions about the application or production process of acrylonitrile, please continue to explore.